Mutual Funds are the best tools for long term wealth creation. We have thousands of mutual fund schemes to choose from. But, the challenge is to identify the right and top performing mutual funds that can help you in achieving your Financial Goals.
Thanks to SEBI’s new norms regarding Mutual Fund classification, this number will come down to a great extent.
Every year, I publish an article on ‘Best Mutual Fund Schemes’. This year I had to wait for the new re-categorization rules to kick-in. Now that almost all the Fund houses have started implementing these new rules, I believe that this is the right time to publish an indicative list of best equity mutual fund schemes that can be considered for your Long term goals.
I had earlier published an article on ‘Best Equity mutual Fund schemes 2017. Below is the top 15 mutual funds (category wise) list as per my old article.
- Large-cap fund category
- Birla Sunlife Frontline Equity Fund
- SBI Bluechip Fund
- ICICI Pru Focused Blue-chip Equity Fund
- Diversified or Multi-cap category
- Franklin India Prima plus
- ICICI Prudential Value Discovery Fund
- L&T Value Fund
- Mid-cap fund category
- HDFC Midcap
- Franklin India Prima Fund
- UTI Mid-cap Fund
- Small-cap Category
- Franklin India Smaller Companies Fund
- DSP Micro Cap Fund
- SBI Small & Mid-cap
- Hybrid – Equity oriented category
- HDFC Balanced
- SBI Balanced Fund
- ELSS / Tax saving category
- Franklin India Tax shield
- Axis Long Term Equity Fund
- Birla Sunlife Tax plan
Types of Equity Mutual Fund Schemes – New Categorization & Definition
Equity oriented Mutual Fund Schemes are now classified as below;
- I believe that it is prudent to invest in a Mutli-cap fund than in a fund which falls under ‘Large-Mid-cap’ category. Hence, I am not short listing any funds under ‘Large-Midcap’ category.
- Some of the popular Equity funds which are typically considered as Mutli-cap funds may now fall under ‘Value Fund’ or ‘Focused Fund’ categories. For ex : ICICI Prudential Value Discovery Fund has been classified as a Value Fund instead of Mutli-cap Fund.
- I have not considered Thematic or sectoral Funds while preparing the list of best equity mutual schemes after SEBI’s reclassification rules.
- Hybrid Funds have been classified into different categories. However, I am considering only Aggressive Hyrbid Funds (Equity Oriented Balanced Funds) here.
- In order to ensure uniformity in respect of the investment universe for equity schemes, SEBI’s new classification rules clearly define large cap, mid cap and small cap Stocks as follows:
- Large Cap : 1st – 100th company in terms of full market capitalization.
- Mid Cap : 101st – 250th company in terms of full market capitalization.
- Small Cap : 251st company onwards in terms of full market capitalization.
Best Mutual Funds 2018-19 | Top Equity Funds for SIP
Below is my indicative list of best performing equity mutual funds to invest now ;
(Except for few, most of the schemes are under-going cosmetic or drastic changes w.r.t type of scheme, investment objective, investment strategy and portfolio allocation. Hence, I believe that past performance may become irrelevant. We may have to consider them as whole new funds with new benchmark and new set of Peers for making a comparison.
It takes time to get the relevant Data (returns and risk data) to make a comparison among the Funds within the same category and also the funds with respective benchmarks and so on….So, as of now, I am just providing an indicative list of Best Equity Funds that you may consider for investment.)
Best Large Cap Mutual Fund Schemes 2018
- Birla Sunlife Frontline Equity Fund
- ICICI Prudential Bluechip Equity Fund
- SBI Bluechip Fund
- You may consider other Funds like Franklin Bluechip Fund or an Index Fund like HDFC Sensex Index Fund.
Best Multi-cap Funds 2018-19
- Franklin India Equity Fund
- Aditya Birla Sun Life Equity Fund
- Kotak Standard Multicap Fund
- You may also keep a track of some of the popular multi-cap funds like Franklin High Growth Companies Fund (will now be classified as a ‘Focused Fund’), Funds like Quantum Long Term Equity Fund & ICICI Value Discovery Fund are now classified as ‘Value Funds’ instead of Mutli-cap ones.
Top Mid-Cap Mutual Fund Schemes
- Franklin India Prima Fund
- HDFC Mid-cap Opportunities Fund
- Franklin India Smaller Companies Fund
- Under Small-cap Fund category, you may also consider funds like SBI Small cap or L&T Emerging Businesses Fund.
Best ELSS Tax Saving Mutual Fund Schemes
- Aditya Birla Sun Life Tax Relief ’96 Fund
- Axis Long Term Equity Fund
- Franklin India Taxshield Fund
Top Aggressive Hybrid Equity Funds (Equity oriented Balanced Funds)
- HDFC Hybrid Equity Fund
- Aditya Birla Sun Life Equity Hybrid ’95 Fund
- L&T Hybrid Equity Fund
My Mutual Fund Portfolio
Above is my mutual fund portfolio for the last few years. I am planning to redeem existing units of TATA Balanced fund & UTI Mid-cap Fund and re-invest in HDFC Balanced Fund & HDFC Mid-cap Opportunities Fund respectively.
My Spouse invests in Birla Tax Relief ’96 Fund for long term + Tax saving purposes.
My observations & general suggestions
- Identify your Goals : Majority of us identify the products first and then try to shortlist best investment avenues. An investor has to first identify his/her financial goals and then try to short-list best available investment options. This is applicable for mutual fund investments also.
- Invest Goal-wise & not as per your age-wise: Even if you are a Senior citizen, you can invest in Equity funds if they are suitable to your investment objectives. Equity funds are for any type of investors.
- Diversify across Fund categories & Fund houses : I often observe that investors invest in multiple funds of same Fund house. Suggest you to not only invest in funds offered by different fund houses but also try to pick funds from different fund categories.
- Are you an existing MF Investor? : It is a high time you review your mutual fund portfolio. After the latest changes, many schemes have ended up being quite different from what they were originally. Therefore, you need to keep a close eye on your MF portfolio, watch out for any changes that may occur and act accordingly. Go through the communication you receive or have received from your fund houses. If you have invested in a large-cap fund and if it is now been moved to Large-Mid-cap category then you are going to take higher risk with your investments. Under such circumstances, you may have to switch out from such fund and move to pure Large-cap Fund. In case, there are no major changes being proposed for the funds that you have invested in, kindly keep a track of their performance for next 12 months or so.
- New Investor ? : If you are new to Mutual Funds, you may consider the above list of funds.
- Have Realistic Expectations – In the past, schemes often changed their investment style based on market conditions. For example, a large-cap fund would take sizable midcap exposure as the fund manager believed that he could add extra return by doing so, and outperform his peer group. In future, when you buy a large-cap fund, you will get what you think you are buying. Schemes will have to stick to their mandate. So, have realistic expectations from your equity fund investments and do not go by past performance. For time-being, you can ditch mutual fund star ratings.
- Invest in Index Funds : If you are not comfortable investing in actively managed Funds, you can now start picking Index based Funds.
- Long Term Capital Gains are now Taxable : You may be aware that long term capital gains on Equity Funds are now taxable. So, watch out for tax implications when you do redemption, Switch or STP.
- Mutual Funds Vs ULIPs : As LTCG on Equity funds are now taxable, most of the investors might start thinking about ULIPs as an alternate to Mutual Funds. Suggest you to kindly go through this detailed article on this topic – ‘Mutual Funds Vs ULIPs – Which is better?‘
- Direct Vs Regular Plans : I do get lot of queries on what is the difference between ‘Regular plan’ and ‘Direct plan’. Kindly read this article for a detailed explanation on this topic : What are Direct Plans of Mutual Fund Schemes?.
Do you invest in Mutual Funds for your Long term Financial Goals? Have you reviewed your MF Portfolio post SEBI reclassification? – Kindly share your comments, Cheers!
Continue reading :
- Why your Best Mutual Fund Schemes may not remain as ‘the best’? | Categorization & Rationalization of MFs
- Budget 2018 LTCG Tax on Equity Mutual Funds & Important Implications
- Mutual Fund Investments are subject to Market Risks! – My opinion
- Mutual Funds Capital Gains Taxation Rules FY 2018-19 (AY 2019-20) | Capital Gains Tax Rates Chart
- How to get a consolidated view of Mutual Fund Scheme change list (post SEBI reclassification)?
Kindly note that the above list of best mutual fund schemes is not an exhaustive one. Mutual funds’ returns are not guaranteed, their values/returns change frequently and past performance may not be repeated.
(Featured Image courtesy of Stuart Miles at FreeDigitalPhotos.net) (Post first published on 22-May-2018)
Hi Sreekanth ,
I am newbie in MF investment and regular reader of your blog. I can invest 5000 per month for long term. Could you please guide me if the below funds are suitable for me
ICICI Prudential Bluechip Equity Fund – 1000
L&T Midcap – 2000
HDFC Small CAp – 2000
Thanks in advance
Dear Santanu,
Thank you for following my blog posts!
ICICI Bluechip fund – ok.
L&T mid-cap is ok, but given a choice I would pick Franklin Prima or HDFC Mid-cap.
You may go through my latest article @ Best Mutual Fund Equity Schemes to invest in 2019..
Thanks Sreekanth
Hi Sreekanth,
I am a regular reader of your blogs and really appreciate your guidance provided on different investment options. I have following query:
Currently, I am investing in Mutual Fund with 20K Per Month and goal is to maximize my Investment for Future. Also doing Lump sum investment occasionally into same schemes approx. 20K-30K in a year
1. HDFC Top 200 Fund-Regular Plan-Growth – 2000 (Large Cap)
2. HDFC Mid Cap Opportunities Fund-Regular Plan– Growth -> 3000 (Small & Mid Cap)
3. ICICI LTEF (Tax Saving)-Direct Plan-Growth -> 2000 (ELSS)
4. Birla Sun Life Frontline Equity Fund -Growth -> 3000 (Large Cap)
5. SBI Blue Chip Fund Plan-Direct Plan-Growth -> 2000 (Large Cap)
6. Franklin India Prima Fund-Direct-Growth ->3000 (Small & Mid Cap)
7. Kotak Select Focus Fund – Growth -> 2000 (Diversified)
8. Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip-Reg(G) -> 3000 (Small and Mid Cap Fund)
9.
Please suggest if any add/deletion required in above MF Scheme for better return or do i need to switch in some other plan.
Thanks in Advance !!
Dear Amit,
Thank you for following my blog posts!
I think sometime back we discussed on your MF portfolio. Looks, like you have trimmed down the number of funds in your Portfolio a bit.
Investing in too many funds may not be really beneficially as this may lead to overlap.
Especially funds that belong to same fund category like Large cap funds.
HDFC Top 200, Birla Frontline, SBI bluechip fall under large cap category. You may retain any one of them and discontinue the other two funds.
The same way three mid-cap oriented funds may not be required.
Hi Srikanth,
What is your view regarding the large cap fund in one’s portfolio~ with a 50-50 mixture of Nifty 50 & Nifty Next 50 fund.
Regards, Kuntal.
Sorry, I meant replacing the large cap fund with the above mixture. For a long term portfolio.
Dear Kuntal,
Yes, an investor who is happy with Passive style of investing, can go ahead with the said index funds..
Hello Sreekanth,
You are doing a Great Work and I personally follow relakhs.com for all articles, blogs, Q & A, there are very helpful and informative in all aspects, nice experience are shared with example.
Could you please guide me in correct direction as I have selected trailing MF as per the goals, please do correct me if I need to make any changes in them
Currently have
Term Policy policy (HDFC Click 2 Protect Plus)
Health Insurance (Maxbupa_Family Fist Gold) and also have my office medical insurance
Critical Illness + Accidental Insurance (Religare Assure Plan)
Emergency Fund Allocation
Edelweiss Arbitrage Fund-Direct +Axis Liquid Fund Direct
Short Term (3-5 yrs) Total-3000/-
Franklin India Low Duration Fund Direct Growth 3000/-
Medium Term (Son Graduation) (15-17 yrs) 12000/-
Franklin India Smaller Companies fund (Small Cap) 4000/-
L&T mid Cap Fund (Mid Cap) 4000/-
Axis Blue Chip Fund (Large Cap) 4000/-
I will increase further in above allocation required for his post graduation+ Marriage
Long Term (Retirement Allocation (25+yrs) 12000/-
L&Emerging Business Fund (Small Cap) 4000/-
HDFC MIdcap Opp. Fund (Midcap) 4000/-
Aditya Birla SunLife Equity Fund (Multicap) 4000/-
Checked with common stocks and portfolio overlap (approximately 4-5 % )
Equity & Debt ratio – 70:30 As the time duration is more have included midcap,small cap and multicap in the portfolio
Any other suggestions or correction regarding above MF and goal wise allocation ?
Appreciate your effort and good work, Thanks in advance.
Dear Nitin,
Thank you for following my blog!
You have got all the basics of FP right, good job!
May I know if your Accidental insurance covers Permanent Disability?
You may look at Super Top up health insurance to enhance your health cover.
Related articles :
* Best Personal Accident Insurance Policies in India : Details & Comparison
* Top Up Health Insurance Plans – Super Top Up Health Insurance Plans – Details & Benefits
The selected MFs are fine. You may kindly continue with them and keep a track of their performances.
Thank you for your valuable time and appreciation.
Yes it also includes permanent disability (Religare Assure plan )
1) Just had a doubt on including Aditya Birla SunLife Equity Fund (Multicap) for Long Term (Retirement Allocation had confusion to include mutlicap or Large cap as to avoid portfolio overlap and high risk for Retirement Goal allocation . Is Multicap fine..can continue with the same ?
2) Currently have mediclaim 5L each (me,wife and son) (separate) plus 10L floating health insurance. Additionally have office medical health insurance, however would plan further for Super Top up health insurance.
Will surely follow your articles, Q & A, Blogs via http://www.relakhs.com
Thank you
Dear Nitin,
ABSL Equity fund is a good one. If you wish to include a large cap one (as you have already included a small/mid cap fund in the portfolio), you can go for an Index based fund (large cap) like UTI Nifty 50 one.
Related articles :
* Mutual Fund Portfolio Overlap Comparison Tools
* What is 200 Day Moving Average? | How to track DMAs? How to use them in Mutual Fund investment decisions?
Thank you for your replying and guiding in correct direction
namaste,
which is better??
Weekly STP or Monthly SIP in Large-Mid cap fund for 6 years of 5lakhs rupees….and WHY????
waiting for Your valuable advice..
Thank You…
Dear himanshu,
There is no right or wrong approach reg. this.
But, if it is STP, kindly watch out for tax implications.
If it is SIP, where will you invest Rs 5 lakh corpus now?? What is your preferred investment avenue?
Hi Sreekanth,
Thanks for sharing all the useful information here.
I am new investor to mutual funds. I want to do a lum-sum investment of Rs 5 lakhs in mutual funds.
Could you please suggest if i should invest in 1 go in selected funds or should I invest in liquid funds and then do a STP to the selected fund? What should be time-period over which I should do this?
Also please suggest in what ratio should i invest in Large : Multi: Small cap?
Thanks,
Dipti
Dear Dipti,
May I know your Investment objective(s) and time-horizon??
Hi Sreekanth,
Thanks for your reply. Investment objective are son’s wedding (5 + years) and retirement planning (10 years)
Dear Dipti ji,
For Son’s wedding (5 years), advisable to avoid investing in Multi – small or mid cap funds. You may opt for Hybrid Equity (Balanced fund) or Balanced Advantage funds.
Ex : HDFC Hybrid Equity or ICICI Pru Bal Adv Fund.
For your Retirement Goal – You may opt for a Large cap + Hybrid Equity Fund.
Sorry, forgot to mention that after re categorization, portfolio overlap between FIEF and MAEBCF is 31%. In case, I continue with FIEF and opt for a pure mid cap fund (HDFC mid cap opp) instead of MAEBCF, the portfolio overlap will be 9%. However, the risk profile will change…
Hello Sreekanth,
First of all let me thank you for educating us about MF. After reading your blog on a regular basis I have convinced myself to invest in MF from 2016. Here is my profile:
A term plan (Max Life) of Rs 60 lakh. health insurance of 5 lakh (family floater plan – Apollo Munich) along with the coverage from my company (3.0 lakh). I am also planning to buy an accidental coverage for myself soon…
here is my financial plan:
Emergency fund: 4.0 lakh (bank savings (2 lakh)+fixed deposit (2.0 lakh)+arbitrage fund(2.0 lakh)
For any ‘intermediate(5-8 yr) Expense’: HDFC hybrid equity-D-G (3000/m)
Daughter’s education and marriage (12-15 yr):
Investment planning: SSA: 3000/m; Franklin India Equity fund-D-G (3000/m)
For my retirement (15+ yr): EPF (7000/m, deduction at the source), PPF (3000/m), FIEF-D-G (3000/m), Mirae asset emerging bluechip fund (6000/m), Franklin India Smaller co (9000/m).
Equity:debt ratio – 70:30 (since 15+ yr time horizon)
Large:Mid-cap:small cap – 50:30:20
Since MAEBCF became large-mid cap category from mid cap after re categorization, my portfolio consists of essentially two multi-cap (FIEF (~ 75% large cap) and MAEBCF (~50% large cap+ ~40% mid cap)
Do you think
a) I should continue with my past portfolio or
b) Change the portfolio from two multi-cap (FIEF and MAEBCF)+one small cap (FISco) to conventional one large cap (sbi blue chip/BSLFEF) + one Mid cap (HDFC Mid cap opp)+one small cap (FISco) with Large:mid:small – 50:30:20?
Any other suggestion regarding my portfolio?
Thanks in advance
Dear Basak,
The above mentioned three funds are decent picks.
However, considering the changes wrt re-categorization, it might be prudent to invest in a pure-play mid-cap stock than to invest in Large+Mid-cap fund, for your retirement goal which is >10+ years from now.
In case, you do not want to take higher risk then can stick to your existing portfolio.
You may also consider buying a Super-Top up health insurance plan.
Related articles :
* Top Up Health Insurance Plans – Super Top Up Health Insurance Plans – Details & Benefits
* List of Articles on the key Components of Personal Financial Planning
Hi Sreekanth Reddy,
I am investing 3000/- monthly in ICICI Prudential Long Term Equity Fund (Tax Saving)- Growth. At present 3 years completed, shall I continue in the same fund or shall I stop this and invest in other tax saving funds like Franklin or mirae asset tax saving funds. Because, I felt those funds are performing better than ICICI.
My goal is long term (5-7 years)
please suggest
Thanks in advance
Dear Mahesh,
ICICI Pru LTE is more of a low risk and decent/average reward kind of option. If your investment horizon is long-term, you may continue with your investments.
You kindly go through below good articles ;
Article – 1
Article – 2
Thank you Sreekanth… I will continue in the same fund
Hello Sreekanth,
Good Afternoon !
I have ongoing sip investments in MF’s (long term 10 yrs+).Want to invest a lumpsum of 50 k across these MF’s .Should i look at a specific category or should i put put in 10 k each in Multicap/Large/Small/Value/Focussed.
Or the other option iwas looking at ,is to top up 25 k each in the existing lumpsum investments of ultra short term funds i.e .SBI magnum ultra SDF & Franklin India Ultra short bond fund.
Your valued suggestion on the same would really help in taking a decision.
Best Regards,
Roy
Dear Roy,
Debt or Equity ? – You can finalize the selection based on your Asset allocation ratio (if you have been following it).
However, considering your time horizon and current market conditions, you may get enough opportunities (dips) in the next few quarters. so, if you can afford to take risk, suggest you to make additional investments in Multicap and/or Mid-cap funds.
Hi Srikanth,
Very nice blog including the new categorization of funds and great to see your own portfolio. I’m a new investor and shortlisted on the below funds (including percentage allocation of my basket) based on your blog and my time horizon is 10 years. Could please suggest me your recommendations. Thanks.
1. SBI Blue Chip Fund Growth (large cap) – 40%
2. Franklin India Equity Fund Growth (multi cap) – 30%
3. Aditya Birla Sun Life Equity Hybrid 95 Fund Growth (hybrid) – 30%
Dear Kalyan,
You may kindly go ahead with your shortlisted schemes. All the very best!
Related articles :
* Mutual Fund Portfolio Overlap Comparison Tools
* What is 200 Day Moving Average? | How to track DMAs? How to use them in Mutual Fund investment decisions?
Thanks for the excellent article. I would like to commend you for giving a definite choice of mutual funds for this year, comparing with your choices last year in the same article and also stating where you have invested! That’s really brave. Keep it up.
One issue I thought of was – what should a reader do if somebody has started an SIP in a fund last year as per your recommendation and this year it is not in your list.
Dear Biju,
Thank you for your appreciation!
If I replace a fund, I generally suggest the course of action as well.
For example (taken from my article of ‘Best MFs 2017) :
I have retained Birla Frontline Equity & ICICI Prudential Focused Bluechip funds but replaced UTI Equity fund with SBI Blue chip fund. If you have invested in UTI Equity fund, you may hold on to the existing units and consider investing future SIPs/additional investments in other suggested Large cap funds.
Let’s note that no fund can remain in the top forever, the list keeps changing. So, it is prudent to pick the consistent performers. If such funds are not performing well for say last 1-2 years, we can give them some more time (if it meets our requirements) and then take decision.
Related articles:
* Mutual Fund Portfolio Overlap Comparison Tools
* What is 200 Day Moving Average? | How to track DMAs? How to use them in Mutual Fund investment decisions?
That was useful again. You have a tough job recommending just 3 funds in any one category. So it is very likely that you may have to move some funds out in the subsequent years. If at some point if a fund previously suggested by does really badly, then it would be great if you could put it in a “negative list” so to speak so that readers can not only stop SIPs but also sell and leave the fund. Don’t know
if this makes sense but I felt like sharing my thoughts.
Dear Biju,
Appreciate your views and will surely HIGHLIGHT the dropped list of schemes and required course of action in my future articles.
Thank you and keep visiting ReLakhs.com !
Hi Sreekanth
I am 71 years old.I have invested all my investments in Bank deposits so that I can meet out my monthly expenses which will be around Rs.35000/ per month.Apart from that I have invested in the following Mutual Funds in lump sum.(current value Rs.15 lakhs).
1.Franklin India Bluechip Fund-Growth
2.Axis Long Term Equity Fund-Growth
3.DSP Blackrock Tax Saver Fund-Growth
4.IDFC Tax Advantage Fund-Growth
5.ABSL Tax Relief Fund-Growth
6.Franklin India Tax Shield-Growth
Now I want to invest Rs.1 lakh in some mutual funds for a time horizon of 10 years(for my grand children).
Please suggest some good investments.
Thanking You,
K Jeyabarathi
Dear jeyabarathi ji,
Existing MF portfolio : May I know your investment objective and time-frame? Any specific strategy or reason for picking multiple ELSS only funds??
You may pick one diversified equity fund, one Hybrid Equity fund and one mid-cap fund for your Grand children.
Ex : Franklin Primaplus, HDFC Hybrid Equity, Franklin Prima etc.,
Related article : Mutual Fund Portfolio Overlap Comparison Tools
Hello Sreekanth,
The below mentioned funds have ongoing SIP’s(last 2 yrs) i.e. towards retirement with a horizon of 20 yrs –
ICICI Prudential Bluechip Equity Fund -Large Cap Fund-2k
ICICI Prudential Value Discovery Fund -Value Fund-2k
Franklin India Taxshield Fund -ELSS fund-1k
DSP Small Cap Fund-Small Cap Fund-7k
Wanted to add a multicap fund (3 k sip) to the above portfolio .Would appreciate your advice on the same.
Also want to start with a sip of 2 k towards a emergency fund .Would it be advisable to start with a short term debt fund ?
Thanks & Regards,
Roy
Dear Roy,
Given the above portfolio and your investment horizon, is n’t prudent to pick a mid-cap oriented fund (if at all you would like to add one more fund)?
We can consider ELSS fund as a typical multi-cap fund.
Kindly read : What is an Emergency Fund? | Why, Where & How much to save?
Thank you Sreekanth.
As far as retirement plan goes idea was to add a multicap cap fund to have a diversified portfolio,but makes sense as to what you are saying , if i have understood you right .With a 7 k DSP small cap and the value/ elss catg. funds having a exposure of 15 -20 % to small/midcap funds makes the portflio aggressive.As of now all sips put together sum up to 12k which i want to take to 15 k with immediate effect and 30 k over the next 2-3 yrs,so should i allocate the 3 k to franklin taxshield itself or should i look at another elss fund.
As regards the emergency fund went through the article ,nice read and really liked the idea of having 2 separate emergency funds .As of now do have any lump sum that i can invest and hence was looking at starting a 2k sip to begin with but given the current situation on debt/bond markets ….a bit confused .Could you please advise on this one …..
Thanks & regards,
Roy
please read below as ‘do not have any lumpsum ‘
Dear Roy,
Do note that Porfolios of Funds keep changing across different time-periods.
If one of your objectives is to save taxes, can consider investing in Franklin Taxshield. But, note that though this fund is a decent consistent performer, its allocation to Large cap stocks is on the higher side and you already have one large-cap fund.
Kindly do have property asset allocation to Debt products as well for your long term goal (20 years).
For building an Emergency fund, kindly do not be too worried about returns, as the purpose of this is to have high liquidity than accumulation..
Hi Sreekanth,
I have below funds in my portfolio (As a SIP every month), Can you give me a view whether these are good to continue after SEBI changes. Please suggest with details for my better portfolio. All the funds are direct growth plans.
My Horizon is 10 years. My current age is 31 years.
Large Cap Funds:
1. BIRLA SUN LIFE FRONTLINE EQUITY FUND – 1500 Rs.
2. SBI BLUE CHIP FUND – 5000 Rs
Multi Cap Fund:
1. KOTAK STANDARD MULTICAP FUND – 5000 Rs.
Large & Mid Cap Funds:
1. MIRAE ASSET EMERGING BLUECHIP FUND – 2000 Rs
2. PRINCIPAL EMERGING BLUECHIP FUND – – 2000 Rs.
Small Cap Funds:
1. FRANKLIN INDIA SMALLER COMPANIES FUND – 4000 Rs.
2. DSP BLACKROCK SMALL CAP FUND – 1000 Rs.
Thematic-Consumption Fund:
1. SUNDARAM RURAL AND CONSUMPTION FUND – 2000 Rs.
Value Fund:
1. ICICI PRUDENTIAL VALUE DISCOVERY FUND – 1500 Rs.
Please advise.
Thank you in advance.
Dear Nagesh,
Individually, the above listed funds are decent ones.
You have two Large cap funds, which may have high portfolio overlap. You may be better off retaining either of the two funds.
Like-wise, you may kindly check the overlap %s among the funds.
Related article :
Mutual Fund Portfolio Overlap Comparison Tools
Hi Sreekanth, First of all many congratulations, on running this excellent forum for folks like us, who want to make investment in mutual funds, however don’t have access to expert advice. Looking for your advice from you on my investment. I’m 34 earning 1.2 lakhs/month, looking for high returns and ready to take moderately high risk.I’m looking for good returns in the longer run and ready to be stayed put for the next 20 years. I’ve been investing in mutual funds for the past 2 yrs(10k/month) all in ELSS specially for tax planning. Below is the break up
ADITYA BIRLA SUN LIFE TAX RELIEF 96 FUND- GROWTH – 2.5K
AXIS LONG TERM EQUITY FUND – GROWTH PLAN – 5K
Franklin India TAXSHIELD GROWTH – 2.5K
Now, I am looking to invest (25K/Month) as SIP for my retirement and child education/marriage planning. Can you please suggest me the good funds and the percentage asset allocation to each of these funds for 25K/Month SIP, keeping in mind my current ELSS SIP. I have a 15-20 years of time frame to be invested. TIA !!
Dear Ajit,
Thank you for your appreciation!
Kindly refer to our Q&As in Forum section..
Hello Sir,
I invest 2,000 every month in the below mutual funds (total 6,000/ month). These funds were bought from an advisor in 2016.
I was to raise capital in coming 10 years and the goal is rupees 20 lakh for home renovation. I have my family home and my take home salary is 30,000. My age is 25 years old.
Please advice me on the below portfolio. I do not have any other investments. I have 50 lakh term plan that was purchased this year.
1. Parag parikh long term equity fund
2. Kotak Standard Multicap Fund
3. SBI Blue chip fund
Dear Sameer,
You may kindly continue with your investment plan. The above list of funds are good ones.
Are you investing for your other financial goals? Ex : Retirement goal.
Related articles:
* List of Articles on the key Components of Personal Financial Planning
* Retirement Planning in 3 Easy steps
Hi Sreekanth
I am 46 year old having 10 yr old child in 5th std. I am working. my objective is to retire by 50 and raise money
for retirement and child education.
after retirement, i should get 50000 per month.
me and my husband has 50k term insurance seperate. 20k for Tata aig policy.
I am investing 50k in ppf per year,
Total FD of 12lakh. few invested in NCD of shrriram
and hdfc.
query
1) I have 10k in my hand to invest currently.
2) Is it wise to take ULIP now.
3)I want balanced portfolio with high returns
and limited funds.
4)also want to check which main parameter to check in valuereasech and money to know how portfolio is progressing.
what is total annualized return (TAR). if i have invested
27,999.97 from 5/7/17 and market value is 28457
and TAr is shown 2.68%
not understanding how 2.68 is calculated.
5) should i increase sip.
6. should i remove some funds which r not good
I am investing 13000 PM in SIP
1. 04-02-11->
Aditya Birla SL Frontline Equity-G->1000
2.
5/7/17->Aditya Birla SL Regular Savings-G->2000
3.
10-10-16->
DSP Small Cap Reg-G->2000
4.
10-10-16->
ICICI Pru Value Discovery-G->2000
5.
4/7/17->
Kotak Standard Multicap Reg-G->2000
6.4/7/17->
Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip Reg-G->2000
7.26/9/16
SBI Bluechip-G->2000
few sips I have stopped and their status as below
sip start date4/2/11 and stopped 3 years before
total 2 lkah
Franklin India Bluechip-G
HDFC Equity-G
HDFC Hybrid Debt-G
ICICI Pru Multi Asset-G
IDFC Multi Cap Reg-G
L&T Equity-G
Reliance Equity Hybrid-G
Kindly guide
Bharati Tawde
Dear bharati,
1 – Is Rs 50k Sum assured or premium amount?
2 – ULIPs vs MFs?
Kindly go through my article – Mutual Funds Vs ULIPs – Which is better? | Post Budget (2018) LTCG Tax proposal on Equity Mutual Funds & Shares
3 – Returns calculation :
* Five important formulas to calculate returns on investments
* Calculate Rate of Return on Investments using XIRR function
4 – Investing in too many funds may not be really beneficial. The funds with active SIPs are decent choices.
Kindly read :
* Mutual Fund Portfolio Overlap Comparison Tools
* Retirement Planning in 3 Easy steps
* Calculate how much you need to invest for your Kid’s Education
* List of Articles on the key Components of Personal Financial Planning
Hi Srikanth can you please review below portfolio:
Axis long term equity elss-10000
Canara Rebecca blue chip direct growth- 5k
Lnt emerging business small cap direct growth-5k
SBI blue chip direct growth-5k
Lnt midcap -5k
If anyone should be eliminated then please suggest new fund. My goal to create wealth after 10 yrs
Typo error it’s Canara robeco emerging equity
Dear Om Prakash..You may kindly continue with your investments..
Hi Sreekanth,
I have been reading your blogs and I feel they are too good and simple to understand:-)
I am 41 yrs of age with 2 kids (11 and 4 yrs) and have 1 lakh per month to invest from next month. Covered Real Estate investment and want to focus on MFs.
I have below monthly SIP plans for investment.
Large cap/value funds: 13k – (SBI Bluechip, Birla Frontline equity, L&T value and Mirae Asset India Equity)
Mid cap: 4K – (Mirae Asset Emerging Bluechip, Franklin India Prima)
Small Cap: 2K – SBI Small cap and HDFC Small cap
Equity Hybrids: 10K – HDFC Hybrid and Mirae Asset Hybrid.
To add to the above, I am planning to invest in Conservative Debt Hybrids funds for 20K (preferably 2 funds) and another 50K in Debt funds (mix of liquid and long term debt funds).
Idea is to build good corpus for retirement and to have enough cash for children’s education in 7-10 yrs.
Could you please let me know if my above allocation is good and any suggestions for Debt Hybrid and Debt funds?
Thanks.
Dear MMohan,
Thank you for following my blog posts!
Have you already invested in the above said Equity schemes or would like to short few from the above list??
Any specific strategy/reason for planning to have an allocation of 30:70 (in Equity : Debt)?
Kindly go through below articles :
* Calculate how much you need to invest for your Kid’s Education
* Retirement Planning in 3 Easy steps
* List of Articles on the key Components of Personal Financial Planning
Sreekanth,
Many Thanks for responding so quickly.
I am already investing around 10K per month in Large Caps and Value funds for last 2 yrs thru Scripbox (Now planning to move to direct funds). Now adding Birla Frontline fund to the portfolio.
Along with that I thought of adding midcaps, smallcaps and Hybrid funds for longer horizon.
I will be starting SIP for these funds in next 1-2 weeks.
Any suggestion on these funds is welcome. Open for additions/deletions to this list.
I added atleast 2 funds in each sector to have a balance.
The reason for keeping 30:70 (equity:debt) ratio is the possible market volatility due to upcoming elections. I am not sure if it is safe to invest large amounts.
I am planning to move towards a 50:50 ratio post-elections.
Please share your thoughts on this.
I went thru the articles you pointed on investment planning.
I have decent PF/PPF holdings for retirement, but need more equity support I feel. Emergency fund and insurance are in place.
Also planning to scale my investments in equity for Kid’s education.
As per your calculators, I would need 50k per month to cover kid’s edu and retirement.
Any suggestions for that is welcome.
Dear Mohan,
It is highly impossible to TIME the markets based on single event. As you are investing for long-term financial goals and that too through SIPs, you may go for ideal Equity:Debt allocation as per your risk profile than concentrating too much on Market Events. Also, you have decent Debt Allocation already in place (PF/PPF).
You may avoid investing in multiple Funds from same category. For ex: Three funds from large cap space can be avoided, as this my lead to high overlap.
However, the above listed funds are decent choices. But, suggest you to limit the number of funds in your portfolio.
Kindly read : Mutual Fund Portfolio Overlap Comparison Tools
Great. Thanks for your suggestions.
One more query: Do we really need to invest in these Value funds?
If we have a portfolio where Large, Mid, Small cap, Debt are all covered, wondering if adding funds to Value funds make any sense.
Dear MMohan,
You may consider a Mutlicap/Diversified fund instead of a Value fund, that could be sufficient..
I am watching on youu tube and reading a lot of things about – Parag parikh long term equity fund
Can you please let me know if this fund would be suitable for 5K SIP for 5 to 7 years time horizon.
How is this fund house? Are there any cons of Parag parikh long term equity fund scheme?
I invest in SBI blue chip direct and AB sunlife front-line equity direct funds. The current SIP in both funds is 10K each.
Please help me on the question.
Dear Narayana,
You may go ahead and invest in PPLTE Fund. Kindly note that the fund may have a small exposure to International Equities as well.
“If you don’t mind the high expense ratio, want the international equity exposure, value risk management, can take a long-term view and not worry about short-term downs (or ups), prefer steady performance over spectacular, this fund is suitable for you.” – (Source : Freefincal.com)
Also, you have two Large cap funds, which may have high portfolio overlap. You may be better off retaining either of the two funds.
Related article :
Mutual Fund Portfolio Overlap Comparison Tools
Hi, I want to invest in Kotak Standard Multicap Fund – Direct Plan (G)
This SIP will be for 10,000 per month. I already invest in SBI Blue chip fund from last 5 years with SIP of 10,000 per month. I am 27 years old now and want to buy house in 10 yrs.
Please guide me if this Kotak fund is fine or can you suggest a Multi Cap fund for a goal of 10 years. Thank you!
Dear Krishna,
You may kindly go ahead with your investment plan.
Related articles :
* Mutual Fund Portfolio Overlap Comparison Tools
* What is 200 Day Moving Average? | How to track DMAs? How to use them in Mutual Fund investment decisions?
Sir….generally every financial expert says that we should have long term time horizon for mutual funds. The investments should be tie up with a long term goal. I agree on that.
I want to ask that every year there are new schemes launche in the market. The fund that was Number 1 a few years back has changed to may be number 4 or 5 after six, seven years.
So how should we as a retail investor evaluate the need to change the mutual funds?
If we regularly review the funds performance and they are giving standard MF returns between 12% to 16% then should we continue in the existing funds? Or should we switch to new schemes that are giving similar returns.
Need to understand this login from someone expert like you. thanks.
Dear Chris,
No fund can be in the Top rank year on year.
We need to look for consistency. I am happy if my invested fund delivers above avg returns year on year and decent downside protection compared to its peers when markets fall.
Hi Srikanth,
Holding 8676 units of UTI mid cap-direct and 1126 units of Tata Hybrid-direct. Investment horizon was long term. How do I redeem and reinvest? Awaiting your suggestions.
Dear JAYAN,
You can just SELL the units and purchase afresh units in the scheme of your choice.
Kindly watch out for the tax implications if any..
Kindly read : Mutual Funds Capital Gains Taxation Rules FY 2018-19 (AY 2019-20) | Capital Gains Tax Rates Chart
Dear Sir,
I want to invest in ultra short debit fund. My risk limit is very low.
After a lot of research I have short listed “Franklin India Ultra-Short Bond Fund – Super Institutional Plan – Direct Plan (G)”
I want to start SIP for 5,000 every month. My goal is for 5 to 7 years and can go beyond that.
My age is 33 now and goal is to generate corpus in next few years.
I want to stay away from any large cap equity fund. Please advice on this fund. Thank you so so much.
Dear karan,
You may go ahead with your investment plan.
But, in general, any specific strategy/reason for picking a short term debt fund for 5+ years investment time-frame and not to touch Large equity funds?
Nice to hear from you Sir. I am trying to stay away from large cap funds as my risk taking abilities are low.
However, my wife is investing in Aditya Birla SunLife Frontline equity and SBI Blue chip funds from more than 7 years. She bought them before the marriage.
As in the family the large cap funds are there and also do not want to risk what I am investing therefore, chosen this fund.
Please let me know if you have any other recommendation.
Appreciate your answer.
Dear karan,
You may go ahead with your investment plan.
Kindly pick investment products based on your time-frame, risk profile and required corpus/goal.
Related articles :
* Investment Planning – How to create a solid investment plan?
* Retirement Planning in 3 Easy steps
Hi, I want to buy “ICICI Pru Heart / Cancer Protect” to protect me and my spouse. Can you please help me in terms of if I can go ahead. This is specifically for cancer cover.
I already have term and critical illness insurance and this is just another step to protect my family.
Appreciate if you can help or suggest any other cancer plan. Thanks.
Dear Rajeev,
Do you have stand-alone Mediclaim (regular) cover for self/family?
Yes Sir, regular mediclaim from company + one family floater + critical illness + term insurance + accidental insurance.
I also checked SBI life cancer insurance. Please share your views on ICICI cancer + heart policy and SBI cancer policy.
Thank you very much sir.
Dear rajeev,
You may prefer Super Top Up insurance plan to Specific CI plan.
Kindly read :
* Top Up Health Insurance Plans – Super Top Up Health Insurance Plans – Details & Benefits
* HDFC Ergo my:health Medisure Super Top Up Health Insurance Plan : Features, Benefits & Review
Hello Sreekanth,
Have redeemed units in Tata balanced (hybrid) fund amounting to 3 lacs.
Want to invest the same between Franklin India ultra short bond fund & SBI Magnum ultra short duration fund, 1.5 lacs each.
Would need these funds between dec’19 – mar’20.
Please advise whether should i invest 3 lacs as lumpsum or should i stagger this over the next few months.
Thanks and Regards,
Roy
Dear Roy,
You may go ahead and invest lump sum amounts in the said funds.
Good evening Sreekanth.Thank you .
Hi Shreekanth ,
First of all your blog is very simple to understand the mutual fund as I am newbie . I am 30 years old and want to invest in mutual fund for long term around 15 years for wealth creation. As per your blog suggestion I have decided the below funds, consider moderate risk
1.SBI BLUECHIP FUND – 3000 / PM
2.HDFC Mid Cap Opportunity – 3000 /PM
Need you guidance before investing .
Dear Santanu,
Kindly go ahead with your investment plan.
If possible, can add one diversified Equity fund as well to your portfolio.
Suggested articles :
* How to select the right and best Mutual Fund Scheme based on the Measures of Volatility?
* Mutual Fund Portfolio Overlap Comparison Tools
Thank you so much
Hi Shreekanth,
I have detailed my current investments and SIPs on which I request your opinion. Whether should I exit from any fund, remain invested or should I switch to any other scheme? My goal in long term 8-10 years. Please suggest. Thanks in advance
Ongoing-SIPs: Rs 19000
Aditya Birla SL Infrastructure(D) – Rs 3000
IDFC Focused Equity Fund Reg(D) – Rs 3000
Kotak Infra & Eco Reform Fund (D) – Rs 3000
Kotak Infra & Eco Reform Fund (G) – Rs 3000
Reliance Large Cap Fund(D) – 4000
UTI Transportation & Logistics Fund Red(D) – 3000
Monthly SIP of Rs 12000 from 2012-2014, no redemption, investment held
Aditya Birla SL Equity Fund
Aditya Birla SL Frontline Equity
Aditya Birla SL Regular Savings Fund (Debt Fund)
HDFC Mid Cap Opportunity
ICICI Prudential Bluechip Fund
ICICI Prudential Regular Savings Fund (Debt Fund)
ICICI Prudential Value Discovery
Kotak Standard Multicap Fund
Lumpsum
Tata Equity P/E Fund(div trig opt A-5%)
UTI Regular Savings Fund Reg(D)
Dear Pranati,
Investing in too many funds may not be really beneficially as this may lead to overlap.
Suggest you to check these Funds’ portfolio overlap and then can trim down your portfolio a bit.
If your investment objective is to accumulate wealth then you may avoid opting Dividend plans.
You have many Sector/Thematic based funds, which can be very risky, hope you are aware of the risk-return trade off on these funds.
Related articles :
* Mutual Fund Portfolio Overlap Comparison Tools
* Why your Best Mutual Fund Schemes may not remain as ‘the best’? | Categorization & Rationalization of MFs
Thank you Shreekanth. The overlap tools provided would be of great help. I would kindly request you to review the under mentioned portfolio. I have selected these schemes by comparing risk statistics and returns data obtained from valueresearchonline.com. I have done this for my father whose objective is to invest 5-7 years horizon and good dividend earning schemes. However I was not able to obtain past history of dividend payments by funds. Can you suggest some portals where I can get that information?
Large Cap – Axis Bluechip Fund
Multi Cap – Kotak Standard Multicap Fund
Mid Cap – HDFC Mid Cap Opportunities Fund
Small Cap – L&T Emerging Businesses Fund or HDFC Small Cap Fund (pl suggest)
Value – Invesco India Contra Fund
Debt – ICICI Prudential Advisor Series-Debt Management Fund
Hybrid – HDFC Hybrid Equity Fund
Dear Pranati,
May I know if your father is highly dependent on the dividend income payouts of these schemes?
You can visit portals like Moneycontrol -> respective Scheme Dividend plan -> Visit link View Dividend History (For example, visit this link..)
Thank you Sreekanth for responding. My father is not highly dependent on dividend. However he does expect a return (in nature of payout) on investment at least on an annually basis. This return should beat the bank FD rates.
Also, should you think this portfolio is apt, I plant to liquidate all my current holdings and invest in Growth options of the schemes shortlisted for my father. Let me know your thoughts. Thanks once again
Dear Pranati,
With the introduction of tax on Dividend payouts, it is not a good strategy to opt for Dividend plans.
He may consider SWP (Systematic Withdrawal plan). But be aware of the tax implications on withdrawals.
I am still confused with the investment objective here..
Is wealth accumulation is your father’s objective? Can he afford to take risk on these investments? What is the time-frame?
noted on the tax implications. will look up for the information on the same.
I would like your opinion on 2 queries, one for my father and one myself. I have selected the following based on risk and return analysis of these schemes
Large Cap – Axis Bluechip Fund
Multi Cap – Kotak Standard Multicap Fund
Mid Cap – HDFC Mid Cap Opportunities Fund
Small Cap – L&T Emerging Businesses Fund or HDFC Small Cap Fund (pl suggest)
Value – Invesco India Contra Fund
Debt – ICICI Prudential Advisor Series-Debt Management Fund
Hybrid – HDFC Hybrid Equity Fund
Is the above portfolio fit for,
1) My father – investment objective is to get better and regular return that bank deposit rates, investment horizon is 5-7 years
2) Myself, investment objective is wealth creation, growth options, investment horizon is 8-10 years.
Dear Pranati,
Your father may consider these funds from the above list : HDFC Hyrbid Fund and an MIP Fund like ICICI Prudential Regular Savings Fun.
You may go ahead with Axis, Kotak, HDFC Mid-cap & Hybrid Funds.
Suggested Articles :
* Mutual Funds Capital Gains Taxation Rules FY 2018-19 (AY 2019-20) | Capital Gains Tax Rates Chart
* What is 200 Day Moving Average? | How to track DMAs? How to use them in Mutual Fund investment decisions?
Hi Sreekanth,
My father is 58 and retired last month from government service. He would like to invest his PF amount of Rs.10 Lac in Mutual Fund. Kindly suggest some funds.
Note : He is getting regular pension for each month and has individual health insurance.
Dear Ram,
May I know his investment objective and time-frame?
Can he afford to take risk on this investment corpus? Is he ready to accept volatility??
Hi Sreekanth,
Objective is to use it for any immediate/emergency needs in future. So he can withdraw anytime. He is not ready to take risk.
Dear Ram,
Mutual funds (Debt/Equity Funds) are subject to market risks. If he is not ready to take risk then MF investments may not be the option for him.
But, suggest you to check if the retirement corpus is sufficient for him to lead comfortable retirement life.
Kindly go through below articles and revert to me with your analysis or queries (if any);
* Lump sum Investment options for Retirees/Senior Citizens | Where to invest my Retiral benefits to get Regular Income?
* Retirement Planning in 3 Easy steps
Hi sreekanth sir
I am planning to invest Rs35000/- in mutual funds with time frame of 13-15 years as earnings will be used for education expenses of my daughter. Please suggest funds for investment as i am new towards mutual funds.
Dear Jitesh,
Is this one time investment for 15 years?
If so, you may pick one Diversified Equity Fund like Birla Equity Fund / Franklin Prima plus.
Thankyou sir.
Hi Shreekanth,
Its 3+ years, I have been following your blogs and it really helped me in financial awareness and planning. Appreciate your efforts.
My current SIPs(monthly) includes as:
1. AXIS LONG TERM EQUITY FUND – GROWTH PLAN – Rs. 5000
2. HDFC MID-CAP OPPORTUNITIES FUND – REGULAR PLAN – GROWTH – Rs. 10000
3. SBI BLUE CHIP FUND – REGULAR PLAN – GROWTH – 10000
4. RELIANCE SMALL CAP FUND – GROWTH PLAN – GROWTH OPTION – 10000
All above investment is linked to long term goals(12+ years) so, do you think this small/mid/large cap allocation is OK in current market scenarios? Any changes in fund selection
Also i am investing in Axis long term equity fund since mid 2014 and its sip is expiring on 15 July 2018, should I renew it or switch to another elss fund as I need one elss fund for tax saving purpose.
Thank you so much.
Anil
Dear Anil,
Thank you for following my being my loyal blog reader!
The listed portfolio is fine. You may continue with Axis LTE .
Hello Sreekanth,
Good afternoon!
Had made a lumpsum investment as mentioned below, which as per set time frame was supposed to redeem the same in December ’19 :
Tata hybrid equity fund-1 lac
ABSL MIP II wealth 25 plan-50 k
Plan to exit Tata ( re invest the same keeping in mind dec’ 19 time frame) and continue with ABSL
Please suggest.
Thank you,
Roy
Dear Roy,
Where do you want to re-invest the Tata fund proceeds?
Should I put it in a Debt fund (ABSL MIP 25),liquid fund or bank fd…..seek your advice on the same.
Regards,
Roy
Dear Roy,
If you can offered to take some risk, can consider Ultra Short term Debt Fund, else, Bank FD can be ok, for 1 to 1.5 year time-frame.
Thank you Sreekanth. Any recommendations on ultra short term debt fund.
Have a great weekend.
Roy
Dear Roy,
You may have a look at SBI Magnum Ultra Short Duration Fund and Franklin India Ultra Short Bond Fund
Thank you Sreekanth. Have a blessed day.
Roy
Is this good time to increase SIP amounts in small-cap and mid-cap funds (as NAV is down and thus opportunity to buy extra units)? I am confused as reading a few online articles gives me an impression that small/mid cap stocks and funds are still (highly) overvalued? Your guidance will help. Thanks.
Dear Aman ..May I know your investment objective(s) and time-frame??
Have you invested in any mid/small cap based funds?
Hi Srikanth…from past 2.3 years I am doing monthly SIP of 3000/- in ICICI Pru Value Discovery fund. Now it is moved under “value fund” category, should I continue in this fund or switch to another multi-cap fund.
Dear Sridhar,
May I know your investment time-frame and have you invested in other MF schemes?
Hi SRI…I have around 13k per month investment in equity thru SIP. I now want to invest LS amount in debt funds for 5 years. Can you recommend a few….thanks
Hi,
You may consider an MIP fund and/or Short Term Debt fund.
Ex : Birla MIP Wealth 25 fund
Franklin Low Duration Fund etc.,